[1] : The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

back \back\ ba^k, n. as. baec, bac; akin to icel., sw., 
   lg. bak, dan. bag; cf. ohg. bahho ham, skr. bhaj to turn,
   oslav. b=egu^ flight. cf. bacon.
   1. in human beings, the hinder part of the body, extending
      from the neck to the end of the spine; in other animals,
      that part of the body which corresponds most nearly to
      such part of a human being; as, the back of a horse, fish,
      or lobster.
      1913 webster

   2. an extended upper part, as of a mountain or ridge.
      1913 webster

            the mountains their broad bare backs upheave
            into the clouds.                      --milton.
      1913 webster

   3. the outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed to the
      inner or lower part; as, the back of the hand, the back of
      the foot, the back of a hand rail.
      1913 webster

            methought love pitying me, when he saw this,
            gave me your hands, the backs and palms to kiss.
                                                  --donne.
      1913 webster

   4. the part opposed to the front; the hinder or rear part of
      a thing; as, the back of a book; the back of an army; the
      back of a chimney.
      1913 webster

   5. the part opposite to, or most remote from, that which
      fronts the speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or
      not generally seen; as, the back of an island, of a hill,
      or of a village.
      1913 webster

   6. the part of a cutting tool on the opposite side from its
      edge; as, the back of a knife, or of a saw.
      1913 webster

   7. a support or resource in reserve.
      1913 webster

            this project
            should have a back or second, that might hold,
            if this should blast in proof.        --shak.
      1913 webster

   8. naut. the keel and keelson of a ship.
      1913 webster

   9. mining the upper part of a lode, or the roof of a
      horizontal underground passage.
      1913 webster

   10. a garment for the back; hence, clothing. obs.
       1913 webster

             a bak to walken inne by daylight.    --chaucer.
       1913 webster

   behind one's back, when one is absent; without one's
      knowledge; as, to ridicule a person behind his back.

   full back, half back, quarter back football, players
      stationed behind those in the front line.

   to be on one's back or to lie on one's back, to be
      helpless.

   to put one's back up or to get one's back up, to assume
      an attitude of obstinate resistance from the action of a
      cat when attacked. colloq.

   to see the back of, to get rid of.

   to turn the back, to go away; to flee.

   to turn the back on one, to forsake or neglect him.
      1913 webster
see also:
bacon behind one's back full back half back quarter back to be on one's back 
to lie on one's back to put one's back up to get one's back up to see the back of to turn the back 
to turn the back on one 

[2] : The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

back \back\, n. f. bac: cf. arm. bag, bak a bark, d. bak tray,
   bowl.
   1. a large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by
      brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and
      others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot
      glue, etc.
      1913 webster

   hop back, jack back, the cistern which receives the
      infusion of malt and hops from the copper.

   wash back, a vat in which distillers ferment the wort to
      form wash.

   water back, a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a
      small cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes
      set in the fire box of a stove or furnace, through which
      water circulates and is heated.
      1913 webster

   2. a ferryboat. see bac, 1.
      1913 webster
see also:
hop back jack back wash back water back bac 

[3] : The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

back \back\ ba^k, v. t. imp.  p. p. backed ba^kt; p.
   pr.  vb. n. backing.
   1913 webster
   1. to get upon the back of; to mount.
      1913 webster

            i will back him a horse straight.   --shak.
      1913 webster

   2. to place or seat upon the back. r.
      1913 webster

            great jupiter, upon his eagle backed,
            appeared to me.                       --shak.
      1913 webster

   3. to drive or force backward; to cause to retreat or recede;
      as, to back oxen.
      1913 webster

   4. to make a back for; to furnish with a back; as, to back
      books.
      1913 webster

   5. to adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
      1913 webster

            a garden . . . with a vineyard backed. --shak.
      1913 webster

            the chalk cliffs which back the beach. --huxley.
      1913 webster

   6. to write upon the back of; as, to back a letter; to
      indorse; as, to back a note or legal document.
      1913 webster

   7. to support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid or
      influence; as, to back a friend. "the parliament would be
      backed by the people." --macaulay.
      1913 webster

            have still found it necessary to back and fortify
            their laws with rewards and punishments. --south.
      1913 webster

            the mate backed the captain manfully. --blackw. mag.
      1913 webster

   8. to bet on the success of; -- as, to back a race horse.
      1913 webster

   to back an anchor naut., to lay down a small anchor ahead
      of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened
      to the crown of the large one.

   to back the field, in horse racing, to bet against a
      particular horse or horses, that some one of all the other
      horses, collectively designated "the field", will win.

   to back the oars, to row backward with the oars.

   to back a rope, to put on a preventer.

   to back the sails, to arrange them so as to cause the ship
      to move astern.

   to back up, to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's
      friends.

   to back a warrant law, is for a justice of the peace, in
      the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or
      indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend
      an offender.

   to back water naut., to reverse the action of the oars,
      paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship
      backward.
      1913 webster
see also:
backed backing to back an anchor to back the field to back the oars to back a rope 
to back the sails to back up to back a warrant to back water 

[4] : The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

back \back\, a.
   1. being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; as, the
      back door; back settlements.
      1913 webster

   2. being in arrear; overdue; as, back rent.
      1913 webster

   3. moving or operating backward; as, back action.
      1913 webster

   back blocks, australian pastoral country which is remote
      from the seacoast or from a river. webster 1913 suppl.
      

   back charges, charges brought forward after an account has
      been made up.

   back filling arch., the mass of materials used in filling
      up the space between two walls, or between the inner and
      outer faces of a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or
      vault.

   back pressure. steam engine see under pressure.

   back rest, a guide attached to the slide rest of a lathe,
      and placed in contact with the work, to steady it in
      turning.

   back slang, a kind of slang in which every word is written
      or pronounced backwards; as, nam for man.

   back stairs, stairs in the back part of a house; private
      stairs. also used adjectively. see back stairs,
      backstairs, and backstair, in the vocabulary.

   back step mil., the retrograde movement of a man or body
      of men, without changing front.

   back stream, a current running against the main current of
      a stream; an eddy.

   to take the back track, to retrace one's steps; to retreat.
      colloq.
      1913 webster
see also:
back blocks back charges back filling back pressure pressure back rest 
back slang back stairs backstairs backstair back step 
back stream to take the back track 

[5] : The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

back \back\, v. i.
   1. to move or go backward; as, the horse refuses to back.
      1913 webster

   2. naut. to change from one quarter to another by a course
      opposite to that of the sun; -- used of the wind.
      1913 webster

   3. sporting to stand still behind another dog which has
      pointed; -- said of a dog. eng.
      1913 webster

   to back and fill, to manage the sails of a ship so that the
      wind strikes them alternately in front and behind, in
      order to keep the ship in the middle of a river or channel
      while the current or tide carries the vessel against the
      wind. hence: fig. to take opposite positions
      alternately; to assert and deny. colloq.

   to back out, to back down, to retreat or withdraw from a
      promise, engagement, or contest; to recede. colloq.
      1913 webster

            cleon at first . . . was willing to go; but, finding
            that he nicias was in earnest, he tried to back
            out.                                  --jowett
                                                  thucyd. 
      1913 webster
see also:
to back and fill to back out to back down 

[6] : The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

back \back\, adv. shortened from aback.
   1. in, to, or toward, the rear; as, to stand back; to step
      back.
      1913 webster

   2. to the place from which one came; to the place or person
      from which something is taken or derived; as, to go back
      for something left behind; to go back to one's native
      place; to put a book back after reading it.
      1913 webster

   3. to a former state, condition, or station; as, to go back
      to private life; to go back to barbarism.
      1913 webster

   4. of time in times past; ago. "sixty or seventy years
      back." --gladstone.
      1913 webster

   5. away from contact; by reverse movement.
      1913 webster

            the angel of the lord . . . came, and rolled back
            the stone from the door.              --matt.
                                                  xxviii. 2.
      1913 webster

   6. in concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; as, to
      keep back the truth; to keep back part of the money due to
      another.
      1913 webster

   7. in a state of restraint or hindrance.
      1913 webster

            the lord hath kept thee back from honor. --numb.
                                                  xxiv. 11.
      1913 webster

   8. in return, repayment, or requital.
      1913 webster

            what have i to give you back?         --shak.
      1913 webster

   9. in withdrawal from a statement, promise, or undertaking;
      as, he took back the offensive words.
      1913 webster

   10. in arrear; as, to be back in one's rent. colloq.
       1913 webster

   back and forth, backwards and forwards; to and fro.

   to go back on, to turn back from; to abandon; to betray;
      as, to go back on a friend; to go back on one's
      professions. colloq.
      1913 webster
see also:
back and forth to go back on 

[7] : WordNet (r) 2.0

back
     adj 1: related to or located at the back; "the back yard"; "the
            back entrance" syn: backa ant: fronta
     2: located at or near the back of an animal; "back or hind
        legs"; "the hinder part of a carcass" syn: backa, hinda,
         hindera
     3: of an earlier date; "back issues of the magazine" syn: backa
     n 1: the posterior part of a human or animal body from the neck
          to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned"
          syn: dorsum
     2: the side that goes last or is not normally seen; "he wrote
        the date on the back of the photograph" syn: rear
        ant: front
     3: the part of something that is furthest from the normal
        viewer; "he stood at the back of the stage"; "it was
        hidden in the rear of the store" syn: rear ant: front
     4: football a person who plays in the backfield
     5: the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and
        protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"
        syn: spinal column, vertebral column, spine, backbone,
         rachis
     6: the front and back covering of a book; "the book had a
        leather binding" syn: binding, book binding, cover
     7: the part of a garment that covers your back; "they pinned a
        `kick me' sign on his back"
     8: a support that you can lean against while sitting; "the back
        of the dental chair was adjustable" syn: backrest
     9: the position of a player on a football team who is stationed
        behind the line of scrimmage
     adv 1: in or to or toward a former location; "she went back to her
            parents' house"
     2: at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back";
        "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward
        out the window of the car" syn: backward, backwards,
        rearward, rearwards ant: forward
     3: in or to or toward an original condition; "he went back to
        sleep"
     4: in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an
        hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking
        fondly backward" syn: backward ant: ahead, ahead
     5: in answer; "he wrote back three days later"; "had little to
        say in reply to the questions" syn: in reply
     6: in repayment or retaliation; "we paid back everything we had
        borrowed"; "he hit me and i hit him back"; "i was kept in
        after school for talking back to the teacher"
     v 1: be behind; approve of; "he plumped for the labor party"; "i
          backed kennedy in 1960" syn: endorse, indorse, plump
          for, plunk for, support
     2: travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "the car backed
        up and hit the tree"
     3: give support or one's approval to; "i'll second that
        motion"; "i can't back this plan"; "endorse a new project"
        syn: second, endorse, indorse
     4: cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking
        spot" ant: advance
     5: support financial backing for; "back this enterprise"
     6: be in back of; "my garage backs their yard" ant: front
     7: place a bet on; "which horse are you backing?"; "i'm betting
        on the new horse" syn: bet on, gage, stake, game,
         punt
     8: shift to a counterclockwise direction; "the wind backed"
        ant: veer
     9: establish as valid or genuine; "can you back up your
        claims?" syn: back up
     10: strengthen by providing with a back or backing
see also:
backa fronta hinda hindera dorsum rear 
front spinal column vertebral column spine backbone 
rachis binding book binding cover backrest 
backward backwards rearward rearwards forward 
ahead in reply endorse indorse plump for 
plunk for support second advance bet on 
gage stake game punt veer 
back up 

[8] : Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0

714 moby thesaurus words for "back":
   a priori, a rebours, a reculons, abandon, abet, accented,
   acknowledgments, advance, advocate, affirm, afford support, aft,
   after, aftermost, afterpart, afterpiece, again, against the grain,
   ago, aid, alpenstock, alveolar, alveolar ridge, alveolus, angel,
   ante, ante up, anticlockwise, apex, apical, apico-alveolar,
   apico-dental, arear, arena, arm, around, arrested, articulated,
   arytenoid cartilages, ascend, ascender, ascending, aside,
   ass-backwards, assimilated, assist, assure, astern,
   athletic supporter, attest, authenticate, away, axial, back away,
   back door, back matter, back of beyond, back off, back seat,
   back side, back up, back when, back-country, back-flowing,
   backbone, backdrop, background, backing, backpedal, backside,
   backstop, backtrack, backtrail, backward, backwards, backwater,
   backwood, backwoods, backwoodsy, bandeau, bankroll, bankrupt,
   barytone, bastard title, bastard type, be sponsor for, bear,
   bear out, bear up, beard, bearer, behind, behindhand, belated,
   belly, bestraddle, bestride, bet, bet on, bevel, bibliography,
   bilabial, black letter, blade, blocked, board, body, bolster,
   bolster up, bond, boost, bra, brace, bracer, bracket, brassiere,
   break, breech, broad, budge, buoy up, buttress, by, cacuminal,
   call, cane, cap, capital, capitalize, carrier, carry, case,
   cast off, catch line, catchword, central, cerebral, certify,
   cervix, champion, change, change place, chasing, checked, circle,
   circumstantiate, climb, climb on, close, colophon, come after,
   come last, commend, confirm, consonant, consonantal, contents,
   contents page, continuant, copyright page, corroborate, corset,
   counter, counterclockwise, countermarch, countersecure, cover,
   cradle, crook, crush, crutch, cry up, cushion, deceitfully,
   dedication, defeat, delayed, delayed-action, dental, deny, descend,
   descender, descending, destroy, detained, disavow, disown,
   disregard, dissimilated, distance, distant, document, dorsal,
   dorsal region, dorsum, down-trending, downward, drifting, due,
   early, ebb, elect, em, en, encourage, endleaf, endorse, endpaper,
   endsheet, ensure, errata, ex post facto, extremity, face, fade,
   fail, fall astern, fall back, fall behind, fat-faced type, feet,
   field, finance, flat, flow, flowing, fluent, flying, flyleaf,
   folio, follow, following, font, for a consideration, fore edge,
   foreword, forsake, fortify, foundation garment, fro, front,
   front matter, frontier, fulcrum, fund, furtively, gamble,
   get behind, get in, get in behind, get on, get over, girdle,
   give support, glide, glossal, glottal, go, go aboard, go around,
   go astern, go back, go back on, go backwards, go into reverse,
   go on board, go round, go sideways, going, gone by, groove, ground,
   grubstake, guarantee, guaranty, guttural, guy, guywire, gyrate,
   gyrational, gyratory, half-title page, hard, hard palate,
   hard pressed, hazard, head, heavy, heel, held up, help, helpless,
   high, hind, hind end, hind part, hinder, hindermost, hindhand,
   hindhead, hindmost, hindward, hindwards, hinterland, hold, hold up,
   hop in, hung up, hype, ignore, imprint, in a bind, in abeyance,
   in arrear, in arrears, in back of, in compensation,
   in consideration, in reserve, in return, in reverse, in times past,
   index, inscription, insidiously, insure, into the past, intonated,
   introduction, invest in, isolated, italic, jammed, jock, jockstrap,
   jump in, keep afloat, keep up, labial, labiodental, labiovelar,
   lag behind, larynx, late, lateral, latish, lax, lay, lay a wager,
   lay down, leaf, lend support, letter, ligature, light, lingual,
   lips, liquid, locale, logotype, loin, low, lower case, mainstay,
   maintain, maintainer, majuscule, make a bet, make sternway, makeup,
   mast, master, mature, meet a bet, mid, minuscule, mise-en-scene,
   monophthongal, moratory, mount, mounting, move, move over, muted,
   narrow, nasal, nasal cavity, nasalized, neck, never on time, nick,
   nominate, obstructed, occiput, occlusive, open, oral cavity,
   outback, outlandish, outlying, outstanding, overcome, overdue,
   owed, owing, oxytone, page, palatal, palatalized, palate, parlay,
   pass, passing, past due, patronize, pay for, payable, pharyngeal,
   pharyngeal cavity, pharyngealized, pharynx, phonemic, phonetic,
   phonic, pi, pica, pile in, pillow, pitch, pitched, play against,
   plug, plunge, plunging, point, posterior, postern, posttonic,
   preface, preliminaries, primitive, print, privately, probate,
   progress, progressive, promote, prop, prove, provide for, puff,
   punt, pursuing, rachis, ratify, raw, rear, rear end, rearmost,
   rearward, rearwards, receivable, recommend, recto, redeemable,
   refinance, reflex, reflowing, refluent, regress, regressive,
   reinforce, reinforcement, reinforcer, reject, reminiscently,
   remote, renege, repudiate, rest, resting place, retarded, retract,
   retrad, retral, retreat, retroactive, retroactively, retrocede,
   retroflex, retrograde, retrogress, retrogressive, retrospective,
   retrospectively, reverse, reversed, reverso, revert, ridge,
   rigging, rigidify, rise, rising, roman, rotary, rotate, rotational,
   rotatory, rough, round, round about, rounded, ruin, run,
   run interference for, running, running title, rushing, sans serif,
   scene, screw up, script, second, secretly, secure, see, semivowel,
   service, set up, setting, shank, shift, shore, shore up, shoulder,
   shroud, side with, sideward, sign, sign for, signature, since,
   sink, sinking, slow, slyly, small cap, small capital, sneakily,
   soar, soaring, soft, soft palate, sonant, speak highly of,
   speak warmly of, speak well of, speech organ, spin, spinal column,
   spine, sponsor, sprit, staff, stage, stage set, stage setting,
   stake, stamp, stand back of, stand behind, stand by, stand pat,
   stand up for, standing rigging, stave, stay, stem, stern, stick,
   stick by, stick up for, stiffen, stiffener, stir, stopped, stream,
   streaming, strengthen, strengthener, stressed, strong,
   subscribe to, subside, subsidize, substantiate, subtitle, subvene,
   subvention, support, supporter, surd, surreptitiously, sustain,
   sustainer, syllabic, sylvan, syrinx, table of contents, tail,
   tail end, tailpiece, take sides with, tardy, teeth, teeth ridge,
   tense, text, theater, thick, throaty, tighten, tip, title,
   title page, to the rear, tonal, tongue, tonic, tout, trail,
   trail behind, travel, treacherously, trice up, trim size,
   turned around, twangy, type, type body, type class, type lice,
   type page, typecase, typeface, typefounders, typefoundry,
   unaccented, uncivilized, uncultivated, underbrace, undergird,
   underlie, underpin, underset, undersign, underwrite, undeveloped,
   uninhabited, unoccupied, unpaid, unpopulated, unpunctual, unready,
   unrounded, unsettled, unstressed, untimely, up-country,
   up-trending, upbear, uphold, upholder, upkeep, upper case, upward,
   validate, vanquish, velar, velum, verify, verso, vertebrae,
   vertebral column, virgin, vocal chink, vocal cords, vocal folds,
   vocal processes, vocalic, vocoid, voice box, voiced, voiceless,
   vote, vowel, vowellike, wager, walking stick, wane, warrant, waste,
   weak, whirl, widdershins, wide, wild, wilderness, withdraw from,
   without hope, woodland, wrong-way, wrong-way around

[9] : THE DEVIL'S DICTIONARY ((C)1911 Released April 15 1993)

back, n.  that part of your friend which it is your privilege to
contemplate in your adversity.

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