bar \bar\ baumr, n. oe. barre, f. barre, fr. ll. barra, w.
   bar the branch of a tree, bar, baren branch, gael.  ir.
   barra bar. root91.
   1. a piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in
      proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever
      and for various other purposes, but especially for a
      hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a
      fence or gate; the bar of a door.
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            thou shalt make bars of shittim wood. --ex. xxvi.
                                                  26.
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   2. an indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to
      be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a
      bar of gold or of lead; a bar of soap.
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   3. anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an
      obstruction; a barrier.
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            must i new bars to my own joy create? --dryden.
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   4. a bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth
      of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.
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   5. any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of
      assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having
      special privileges; as, the bar of the house of commons.
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   6. law
      a the railing that incloses the place which counsel
          occupy in courts of justice. hence, the phrase at the
          bar of the court signifies in open court.
      b the place in court where prisoners are stationed for
          arraignment, trial, or sentence.
      c the whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or
          district; the legal profession.
      d a special plea constituting a sufficient answer to
          plaintiff's action.
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   7. any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of
      god.
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   8. a barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are
      passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind
      the counter where liquors for sale are kept.
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   9. her. an ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying
      only one fifth part of the field.
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   10. a broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a
       bar of color.
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   11. mus. a vertical line across the staff. bars divide the
       staff into spaces which represent measures, and are
       themselves called measures.
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   note: a double bar marks the end of a strain or main division
         of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in
         psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. the
         term bar is very often loosely used for measure, i.e.,
         for such length of music, or of silence, as is included
         between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight
         bars; two bars' rest.
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   12. far. pl.
       a the space between the tusks and grinders in the upper
           jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.
       b the part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent
           inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side,
           and extends into the center of the sole.
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   13. mining
       a a drilling or tamping rod.
       b a vein or dike crossing a lode.
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   14. arch.
       a a gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.
       b a slender strip of wood which divides and supports
           the glass of a window; a sash bar.
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   bar shoe far., a kind of horseshoe having a bar across
      the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog
      from injury.

   bar shot, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a
      ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for
      destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat.

   bar sinister her., a term popularly but erroneously used
      for baton, a mark of illegitimacy. see baton.

   bar tracery arch., ornamental stonework resembling bars
      of iron twisted into the forms required.

   blank bar law. see blank.

   case at bar law, a case presently before the court; a
      case under argument.

   in bar of, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent.

   matter in bar, or defence in bar, any matter which is a
      final defense in an action.

   plea in bar, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the
      plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely.

   trial at bar eng. law, a trial before all the judges of
      one the superior courts of westminster, or before a quorum
      representing the full court.
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see also:
bar shoe bar shot bar sinister baton bar tracery blank bar 
blank case at bar in bar of matter in bar defence in bar 
plea in bar trial at bar 

case \case\, n. f. cas, fr. l. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to
   happen. cf. chance.
   1. chance; accident; hap; opportunity. obs.
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            by aventure, or sort, or cas.         --chaucer.
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   2. that which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an
      instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances;
      condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a
      case of injustice; the case of the indian tribes.
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            in any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge.
                                                  --deut. xxiv.
                                                  13.
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            if the case of the man be so with his wife. --matt.
                                                  xix. 10.
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            and when a lady's in the case
            you know all other things give place. --gay.
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            you think this madness but a common case. --pope.
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            i am in case to justle a constable,   --shak.
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   3. med.  surg. a patient under treatment; an instance of
      sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the
      history of a disease or injury.
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            a proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases.
                                                  --arbuthnot.
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   4. law the matters of fact or conditions involved in a
      suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit
      or action at law; a cause.
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            let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing
            is law that is not reason.            --sir john
                                                  powell.
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            not one case in the reports of our courts. --steele.
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   5. gram. one of the forms, or the inflections or changes of
      form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its
      relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute
      its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun
      sustains to some other word.
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            case is properly a falling off from the nominative
            or first state of word; the name for which, however,
            is now, by extension of its signification, applied
            also to the nominative.               --j. w. gibbs.
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   note: cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. case
         endings are terminations by which certain cases are
         distinguished. in old english, as in latin, nouns had
         several cases distinguished by case endings, but in
         modern english only that of the possessive case is
         retained.
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   action on the case law, according to the old
      classification now obsolete, was an action for redress
      of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially
      provided against by law, in which the whole cause of
      complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also
      trespass on the case, or simply case.

   all a case, a matter of indifference. obs. "it is all a
      case to me." --l'estrange.

   case at bar. see under bar, n.

   case divinity, casuistry.

   case lawyer, one versed in the reports of cases rather than
      in the science of the law.

   case stated or case agreed on law, a statement in
      writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for
      a decision of the legal points arising on them.

   a hard case, an abandoned or incorrigible person. colloq.
      

   in any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.
      

   in case, or in case that, if; supposing that; in the
      event or contingency; if it should happen that. "in case
      we are surprised, keep by me." --w. irving.

   in good case, in good condition, health, or state of body.
      

   to put a case, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative
      case.

   syn: situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight;
        predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
        conjuncture; cause; action; suit.
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see also:
chance action on the case trespass on the case case all a case case at bar 
bar case divinity case lawyer case stated case agreed on 
a hard case in any case in case in case that in good case 
to put a case