Found 2 hits - Term: hakmem, Database: *, Strategy: exact
- [1] : Jargon File (4.3.1, 29 Jun 2001)
hakmem /hak'mem/ n. mit ai memo 239 february 1972. a legendary
collection of neat mathematical and programming hacks contributed by
many people at mit and elsewhere. the title of the memo really is
"hakmem", which is a 6-letterism for `hacks memo'. some of them are
very useful techniques, powerful theorems, or interesting unsolved
problems, but most fall into the category of mathematical and computer
trivia. here is a sampling of the entries with authors, slightly
paraphrased:
item 41 gene salamin: there are exactly 23,000 prime numbers less
than 2^18.
item 46 rich schroeppel: the most _probable_ suit distribution in
bridge hands is 4-4-3-2, as compared to 4-3-3-3, which is the most
_evenly_ distributed. this is because the world likes to have unequal
numbers: a thermodynamic effect saying things will not be in the state
of lowest energy, but in the state of lowest disordered energy.
item 81 rich schroeppel: count the magic squares of order 5 that
is, all the 5-by-5 arrangements of the numbers from 1 to 25 such that
all rows, columns, and diagonals add up to the same number. there are
about 320 million, not counting those that differ only by rotation and
reflection.
item 154 bill gosper: the myth that any given programming language
is machine independent is easily exploded by computing the sum of powers
of 2. if the result loops with period = 1 with sign +, you are on a
sign-magnitude machine. if the result loops with period = 1 at -1, you
are on a twos-complement machine. if the result loops with period
greater than 1, including the beginning, you are on a ones-complement
machine. if the result loops with period greater than 1, not including
the beginning, your machine isn't binary -- the pattern should tell you
the base. if you run out of memory, you are on a string or bignum
system. if arithmetic overflow is a fatal error, some fascist pig with a
read-only mind is trying to enforce machine independence. but the very
ability to trap overflow is machine dependent. by this strategy,
consider the universe, or, more precisely, algebra: let x = the sum of
many powers of 2 = ...111111 base 2. now add x to itself: x + x =
...111110. thus, 2x = x - 1, so x = -1. therefore algebra is run on a
machine the universe that is two's-complement.
item 174 bill gosper and stuart nelson: 21963283741 is the only
number such that if you represent it on the pdp-10 as both an integer
and a floating-point number, the bit patterns of the two representations
are identical.
item 176 gosper: the "banana phenomenon" was encountered when
processing a character string by taking the last 3 letters typed out,
searching for a random occurrence of that sequence in the text, taking
the letter following that occurrence, typing it out, and iterating. this
ensures that every 4-letter string output occurs in the original. the
program typed bananananananana.... we note an ambiguity in the phrase,
"the nth occurrence of." in one sense, there are five 00's in
0000000000; in another, there are nine. the editing program teco finds
five. thus it finds only the first ana in banana, and is thus obligated
to type n next. by murphy's law, there is but one nan, thus forcing a,
and thus a loop. an option to find overlapped instances would be useful,
although it would require backing up n - 1 characters before seeking the
next n-character string.
note: this last item refers to a dissociated press implementation.
see also banana problem.
hakmem also contains some rather more complicated mathematical and
technical items, but these examples show some of its fun flavor.
an html transcription of the entire document is available at
`http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hakmem.html'.
see also:
pdp-10 dissociated press banana problem
- [2] : The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03)
hakmem
/hak'mem/ mit ai memo 239 february 1972. a
legendary collection of neat mathematical and programming
hacks contributed by many people at mit and elsewhere. the
title of the memo really is "hakmem", which is a 6-letterism
for "hacks memo". some of them are very useful techniques,
powerful theorems, or interesting unsolved problems, but most
fall into the category of mathematical and computer trivia.
here is a sampling of the entries with authors, slightly
paraphrased:
item 41 gene salamin: there are exactly 23,000 prime numbers
less than 2^18.
item 46 rich schroeppel: the most probable suit
distribution in bridge hands is 4-4-3-2, as compared to
4-3-3-3, which is the most evenly distributed. this is
because the world likes to have unequal numbers: a
thermodynamic effect saying things will not be in the state of
lowest energy, but in the state of lowest disordered energy.
item 81 rich schroeppel: count the magic squares of order 5
that is, all the 5-by-5 arrangements of the numbers from 1 to
25 such that all rows, columns, and diagonals add up to the
same number. there are about 320 million, not counting those
that differ only by rotation and reflection.
item 154 bill gosper: the myth that any given programming
language is machine independent is easily exploded by
computing the sum of powers of 2. if the result loops with
period = 1 with sign +, you are on a sign-magnitude machine.
if the result loops with period = 1 at -1, you are on a
twos-complement machine. if the result loops with period
greater than 1, including the beginning, you are on a
ones-complement machine. if the result loops with period
greater than 1, not including the beginning, your machine
isn't binary - the pattern should tell you the base. if you
run out of memory, you are on a string or bignum system. if
arithmetic overflow is a fatal error, some fascist pig with a
read-only mind is trying to enforce machine independence. but
the very ability to trap overflow is machine dependent. by
this strategy, consider the universe, or, more precisely,
algebra: let x = the sum of many powers of 2 = ...111111 base
2. now add x to itself: x + x = ...111110. thus, 2x = x -
1, so x = -1. therefore algebra is run on a machine the
universe that is two's-complement.
item 174 bill gosper and stuart nelson: 21963283741 is the
only number such that if you represent it on the pdp-10 as
both an integer and a floating-point number, the bit
patterns of the two representations are identical.
item 176 gosper: the "banana phenomenon" was encountered
when processing a character string by taking the last 3
letters typed out, searching for a random occurrence of that
sequence in the text, taking the letter following that
occurrence, typing it out, and iterating. this ensures that
every 4-letter string output occurs in the original. the
program typed bananananananana.... we note an ambiguity in
the phrase, "the nth occurrence of." in one sense, there are
five 00's in 0000000000; in another, there are nine. the
editing program teco finds five. thus it finds only the first
ana in banana, and is thus obligated to type n next. by
murphy's law, there is but one nan, thus forcing a, and thus a
loop. an option to find overlapped instances would be useful,
although it would require backing up n - 1 characters before
seeking the next n-character string.
note: this last item refers to a dissociated press
implementation. see also banana problem.
hakmem also contains some rather more complicated mathematical
and technical items, but these examples show some of its fun
flavour.
hakmem is available from mit publications as a tiff file.
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/hb/hbaker.
1996-01-19
see also:
pdp-10 floating-point dissociated press banana problem tiff lt;ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/hb/hbakergt;
Results 1 - 10 of 19 found about hakmem: Hakmem
>> H Words
Hakmem, definition of term: Hakmem
hakmem_pag1.html
403 Forbidden
... ..
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hakmem.html, score=100, date indexed=December 21, 2005, 2:56 am 403 Forbidden
... ..
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/cf.html, score=57, date indexed=December 21, 2005, 2:46 am HAKMEM -- CONTENTS -- DRAFT, NOT YET PROOFED
...The goal of this 'html' document is to make HAKMEM available to the ... Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 239. February 29, 1972. HAKMEM. ... ..
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hackmem.html, score=45, date indexed=January 10, 2006, 2:54 pm HAKMEM -- PROGRAMMING HACKS -- DRAFT, NOT YET PROOFED
...Beeler, M., Gosper, R.W., and Schroeppel, R. HAKMEM. MIT AI Memo 239, ... ..
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hacks.html, score=36, date indexed=January 10, 2006, 2:55 pm HAKMEM -- CONTENTS -- DRAFT, NOT YET PROOFED
...The goal of this 'html' document is to make HAKMEM available to the ... Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 239. February 29, 1972. HAKMEM. ... ..
http://home.pipeline.com/~hbaker1/hakmem/hakmem.html, score=34, date indexed=January 10, 2006, 3:19 pm HAKMEM -- INDEX -- DRAFT, NOT YET PROOFED
...Beeler, M., Gosper, R.W., and Schroeppel, R. HAKMEM. MIT AI Memo 239, ... ..
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem, score=23, date indexed=January 4, 2006, 4:40 am Dictionary.com/hakmem
...2 entries found for hakmem.. hakmem. <publication> /hak'mem/ MIT AI ... HAKMEM also contains some rather more complicated mathematical. and ... ..
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hakmem, score=18, date indexed=January 19, 2006, 3:13 pm HAKMEM in TutorGig Encyclopedia
...Related Links : HAKMEM More like this ... * HAKMEM * Hakmem ... Search the web for HAKMEM Search for HAKMEM in Usenet Discussion ... ..
http://www.tutorgig.com/ed/HAKMEM, score=18, date indexed=December 18, 2005, 12:35 am HAKMEM - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
...HAKMEM. *HAKMEM facsimile (PDF). Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia. ... HAKMEM is notable as an early compendium of algorithmic technique, ... ..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAKMEM, score=17, date indexed=November 15, 2005, 10:19 am
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